A taxi ride in Moscow or St. Petersburg: from center to suburbs - about $6 -$10 US, otherwise it's about $0.4 per kilometer and about 20% less in smaller towns.
A bed in a dorm room of a hostel: from $20
A *** hotel room: $80-$150
A ***** hotel room: >$250
Renting a western standard apartment: $90/day short term, $750-$2500 long term (per month)
1 metro trip: $0.5, 1 bus trip: $0.4
A lunch in a restaurant (business hours) for 1 person $8 in Moscow, $3-$4 in other cities.
All you can eat: about $12 in Moscow
A nice dinner for two with wine: $60 US in Moscow, $35 in other cities
Entrance to a club $0 (the most), $2-$5 (if there's a special party), $2-$5 (if there's a concert), $10-$20 (if there's a famous foreign dj or a musician invited), $30-$50 (for posh places)
A beer in a club $1 in St. Petersburg and other Russian towns, $1.5-$2 in Moscow
A meal in a club $3-$7
A loaf of bread $0.4
A pack of milk: $0.5-$0.7
1 kg of bananas $0.8, 1 kg of apples $1.2, 1 kg of oranges $1-$1.5, 1 kg of tomatoes: $1, 1 kg of potatoes $0.4-$0.6
A pack of rice: $1, 1 kg of chicken filet: $3-$4, 1 kg of meat: $2-$5, 1 kg of fish filet $4.
A fine to a cop if you don't have a registration for your visa: $30  :))